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A fearless young Swede whose efforts saved countless Hungarian Jews from certain death at the hands of Adolf Eichmann, Raoul Wallenberg was one of the true heroes to emerge during the Nazi occupation of Eu-rope. He left a life of privilege and, against staggering odds, brought hope to those who had been abandoned by the rest of the world. Here is the gripping, passionately written biography of the courageous man who displayed extraordinary humanity during one of history’s darkest periods.
- Sales Rank: #395486 in Books
- Published on: 2011-10-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.25" h x 5.60" w x 5.50" l, .61 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 272 pages
Review
“A fascinating story of an extraordinary man. Kati Marton’s book should be read by anyone wishing to know what could have been done to save Jewish lives if more people had cared.” (Elie Wiesel)
About the Author
Kati Marton, an award-winning former NPR and ABC News correspondent, is the author of Hidden Power: Presidential Marriages That Shaped Our History, a New York Times bestseller, as well as The Polk Conspiracy, A Death in Jerusalem, and a novel, An American Woman. She lives in New York City.
Most helpful customer reviews
64 of 65 people found the following review helpful.
Wallenberg deserved better
By R. M. Peterson
Raoul Wallenberg is both a true twentieth-century hero and an enigma. He was born into a distinguished, rich, and well-connected Swedish family. In 1944, at the age of thirty-two, he accepted a mission to go to Budapest and do what he could to save Hungarian Jews from extermination by Adolf Eichmann and his cohorts. Wallenberg operated frenetically for about six months and, due in large part to his efforts, by the time the Red Army finally entered Budapest in January 1945 about 100,000 Jews remained alive. But almost immediately Wallenberg was taken captive by the Soviets, and he died some time (between 1945 and 1987), somewhere within the Gulag. The official Soviet position was that he died in 1947 in Lubyanka prison, but there are many reasons to question that.
Kati Marton tells the above story in her book, WALLENBERG, originally written and published in 1982. Despite my reservations noted below, it is a fascinating book. It begins with Wallenberg's unusual upbringing (among other things, he went to college at the University of Michigan). The centerpiece of the book is its account of his six months in Budapest. Time and again he thwarted shipments of Jews to Auschwitz or other camps or to death in the Danube through bluff, bravado, and the sheer force of his personality. He was behind the countermanding of orders to exterminate the tens of thousands of Jews consigned to the Jewish Ghetto of Budapest just before the Nazis withdrew from the city. Thanks to Hollywood and Steven Spielberg, Oskar Schindler is better known, but Raoul Wallenberg undoubtedly saved many more Jews from the Holocaust (including author Marton's parents). The last third of WALLENBERG deals with the mystery of what happened to Wallenberg after he passed into the clutches of the NKVD.
What explains the Soviets' actions? According to Marton, when Wallenberg told the NKVD agents about his rescue mission to save Budapest's Jews, their response was, "Why would a rich Swede, a capitalist, a Christian, undertake that kind of work?" They were convinced he was a spy. And, indeed, evidence has surfaced that suggests that Wallenberg had ties to the OSS, the forerunner of the CIA, so that the Soviets may have had some rational basis for their conviction.
There are at least four different editions of Marton's book. I read the original 1982 hardcover edition published by Random House. In addition, there is a 1985 Ballantine Books paperback edition; a 1995 edition entitled "Wallenberg: Missing Hero" published by Arcade; and this 2012 "centenary edition" published by Arcade entitled "Wallenberg: The Incredible True Story of the Man Who Saved the Jews of Budapest". As far as I can tell (based in part on Amazon's "Look Inside" feature), the basic text of all four editions is the same.
Accordingly, I conclude that my reservations concerning the 1982 edition also apply to this 2012 edition. While the tale is fast-paced and easy to read, the book is the sort of popular history that I associate with the middle of the twentieth century. Far too often the prose is melodramatic or tendentious, driving home points with sledgehammers. (Two examples: "An old woman started weeping in a corner. A rifle butt in her face dried her tears." "Free, Wallenberg would be a living indictment of a system that had not fundamentally changed. What is more, it had no plans to change.") It often is impossible to differentiate between reliable testimony from witnesses and the author's speculative reconstructions. Marton does include seventeen pages of "chapter notes", which contain references to many interviews she conducted circa 1980, but her method of citation is frustratingly imprecise.
In the end, then, Marton's WALLENBERG can be recommended as a quick, easily digestible account of a true hero and a fascinating episode of history - the print counterpart, perhaps, of something on the "History Channel" - but it should not be thought of as a work of serious history or biography. Wallenberg deserved better treatment from all parties concerned: the Nazis, the Hungarian Arrow Cross, the Russians, the Swedes, and the Americans. He also deserves a better book than this.
31 of 33 people found the following review helpful.
Good book but not totally accurate
By axtdeb
This book is a good read and I would recommend it with one exception and that is that the author has gotten several facts wrong. For one, Carl Lutz, of the Swiss Embassy, issued protective papers and provided protected housing for Jewish people before Wallenberg did and taught Wallenberg how to do those things.
In no way do I wish to diminsh Wallenberg's efforts. He was a great man and it's a tragedy that he was never able to live a good life after the war.
I cannot in good conscience give this book a five since the author seemed to discount the efforts of other diplomats.
9 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
A Holocaust hero in Hungary
By Claudia Moscovici
A Holocaust hero in Hungary: The courage of Raoul Wallenberg
The Talmud states: “Whoever destroys a soul, it is as if he destroyed the whole world. And whoever saves a life, it is as if he saved the whole world” (Mishnah Sanhedrin 4:9, Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Sanhedrin 37a). There’s so much wisdom in this saying, which also resonates with history. The Nazis did everything in their power to destroy the whole Jewish race while Raoul Wallenberg, a Swedish diplomat, did everything he could to save them. He worked relentlessly to save 100,000 Hungarian Jews from the Holocaust.
Wallenberg’s own life story contains as much triumph as it does tragedy. By the time Wallenberg, only 31 years old, arrived in Budapest 437,000 Jews living outside the city had already been deported to Auschwitz. He could do nothing to save their lives. But there were aproximately 230,000 Jews left in Budapest, all of whom Adolf Eichamann, who was then stationed in the capital, planned to send as efficiently as possible to their deaths. The preparations of the death machine had already begun. Most of the Jews in Budapest had already been herded by the Nazis and their Fascist, Arrow Cross collaborators, into a Jewish Ghetto. They were deprived of any means of subsistence and living in terror. Every day they were subject to the Nazi actions to deport them to concentration camps as well as at the mercy of mob pogroms encouraged by the Arrow Cross.
In this humanitarian crisis, where time was of the essence, Wallenberg proved to be both flexible and resourceful. He didn’t limit himself to traditional, slow diplomatic measures to save Budapest’s Jewish community. Using his own funds, he cajoled and bribed members of the Hungarian Fascist party in power, the Arrow Cross, as well as German officials in Budapest in order to protect the lives 100,000 Hungarian Jews. Responding promptly to every call for help, he issued tens of thousands of official-looking Sweedish Embassy protection papers to the desperate Jews.
Kati Marton’s beautifully written biography, Wallenberg: The Incredible True Story of the Man Who Saved the Jews of Budapest (New York: Arcade Publishing, Centenary Edition, 2011), narrates the life of this courageous and altruistic man. It also explores the still unsolved mystery of his death while imprisoned in the Soviet Union. Having managed to save tens of thousands of innocent lives and to survive WWII and the Nazi terror in occupied Hungary, in an ultimate irony of fate, Wallenberg perished at the hands of the Allies. He was caught in the lethal web of the Soviet secret police, the NKVD. Yet he managed to accomplish so much in such a short period of time.
By the time he reached Hungary in his early thirties, Raoul Wallenberg had already lived a lifetime. He had travelled the world and gained enormous life experience. Born in an affluent and established family of Swedish bankers and industrialists, Wallenberg preferred to travel and learn about different cultures rather than devote himself to making money. Although he probably could have selected any university in Europe, he chose to study at University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, eager to learn more about the U.S. He also travelled to Haifa, Palestine. Through family connections he met Koloman Lauer, a Hungarian Jew who was the Director of a Swedish Import and Export Company, the Mid-European Trading Company. Within a few months, the young man impressed Lauer so much with his competence and efficiency, that he became a joint partner in this enterprise. Given the Lauer’s family and business ties to Hungary, Wallenberg traveled to Budapest, following closely the political situation there. He was especially touched—and alarmed--by the fate of the Jews.
Wallenberg also took trips to Vichy France and Nazi Germany and learned a lot about the Fascist regimes and how their bureaucracy and killing machine operated. His observations that the Nazi regime functioned through a mixture of need for respectability and natural authority served him well when he embarked on the dangerous mission of saving Budapest’s Jews. He bribed the corruptible officials with cigars, alcohol or food—a strategy that often worked in a time of severe food shortages—while at the same time issuing official-looking passports and protective orders, couched in formal language, under the auspices of the Swedish Embassy and government. At one point he even faced the “Engineer of death”—Adolf Eichmann himself—in a showdown of wills in which Eichmann backed down and Wallenberg managed to save hundreds of Jews from the clutches of the Nazis.
On January 17, 1945, following the Ally victory and Budapest’s encirclement by the Soviet army, Wallenberg and his chauffeur went, under Soviet military escort, to meet with a high-ranking Russian general. Wallenberg hasn’t been heard from ever since. Marton’s book describes that several eyewitnesses claim they have seen him in the Lyubianka and, later, in several Gulags well into the 1970’s. But, ultimately, this information is highly speculative. The evidence seems to point to the fact that Raoul Wallenberg perished in 1947 at the hands of the NKVD. The heroic man who saved countless lives from the Nazis could not be saved himself from the cold injustice of the totalitarian killing machine.
Claudia Moscovici,
Literature Salon
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